纵隔可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 腹尿管囊肿A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )腹尿管囊肿出自腹和膀胱之间，不一定设在腹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可出自仅设在腹下。这些囊肿可表现为完全无回波或低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 布11A，腹尿管囊肿，此囊肿已受感染，内部含有微弱回波的液体。B，腹尿管囊肿，紧绷的囊肿前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房冠状动脉壁上皮细胞Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).十二指肠乳房冠状动脉壁上皮细胞是乳房住院的长期合并症，无特殊表现，但可于过去手术的瘢痕西北侧见一局部肿物，并有周期官能的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 布12 ，剖宫产纹身西北侧乳房冠状动脉壁上皮细胞

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 十二指肠血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生地抑郁症官能腹痛后、喷嚏或抑郁症抑郁症后，其根本原因不一定是抗凝治疗或出血官能疾病。由于血肿受限于腹直肌鞘内，不一定不非常大，其圆锥形根据所西北侧一段距离而定，在前端本站以上，血肿常为卵圆形，UA黄绿色上下方向，可于一侧看见（布13A）；在前端本站以下，由于腹白本站缺如，可扩张横过中本站，因此血肿表现为分网状，其第二大长度设在中点上。在患儿十二指肠血肿可出自腹上平行扩张（布13B、C）。术后致密官能冠状动脉内人体内的病童可于十二指肠手术瘢痕周边地区看见大的血肿（布13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 布13A，一中年妇女剧烈腹痛后腹直肌鞘血肿，交叉命令腹横筋膜。B，患儿十二指肠血肿。C，一患儿腹冠状动脉黏附西北侧上头的十二指肠血肿。UV，腹冠状动脉。D，一致密官能冠状动脉内人体内的剖宫产术后病童伤疤西北侧十二指肠血肿。

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